dc.contributor.advisor | Toquica Osorio, Jeanneth Eloyne | |
dc.contributor.author | Cerquera Jaramillo, Maria Alejandra | |
dc.contributor.other | López Orozco, Diana Marcela | |
dc.contributor.other | Moreno Mazo, Sara Edith | |
dc.coverage.spatial | Hospital Militar Central | spa |
dc.coverage.temporal | 2013-2018 | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-01-18T17:00:31Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-01-18T17:00:31Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-11-12 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10654/37387 | |
dc.description.abstract | Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo de tipo corte transversal mediante el cual se determino la prevalencia, alteraciones funcionales y estructurales del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA) en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS).
Se escogieron pacientes con diagnostico por polisomnograma de AOS entre 2013 y 2018, para determinar el índice de apena/hipoapnea (IAH) y los antecedentes clínicos, a los cuales se les realizó un examen oftalmológico que incluyo: agudeza visual (AV), biomicroscopia, presión intraocular (PIO), gonioscopía indirecta y oftalmoscopia. Los pacientes con sospecha de glaucoma se les efectuó campo visual y Tomografía Óptica de coherencia (OCT) de nervio óptico.
Se estudiaron 150 pacientes con diagnóstico de AOS, para un total 300 ojos examinados, de los cuales 42,7% fueron mujeres y 57.3% hombres, con edad media 66.8 (± 12.1). En los antecedentes, 1.3% tenían antecedente familiar de glaucoma, 64.7% hipertensión arterial y 20.7% diabetes mellitus. El índice AIH se categorizo como leve en 62%, moderado en 17.3% y severo en 20.7%. La prevalencia de GPAA fue de 1.3% (IC:0.69-1.3%), mientras que para sospecha de glaucoma fue de 0.95% (IC:8.9-16.4%). La AV estuvo en el rango de 20/20 a 20/60 en el 94.6% de los casos, con una prevalencia de ceguera legal de 0.03% (IC:0.00 -0.14). La PIO media obtenida fue de 13 (± 2.6). En la valoración del nervio óptico, no se observaron alteraciones en 74.6% de casos, mientras las alteraciones mas frecuentes fueron adelgazamiento focal o difuso del reborde neural (16.6%) en el grupo de severidad leve, seguido por la asimetría del disco mayor a 0.2 mm (8.6%), en el grupo de severidad severa. En el campo visual, 54.4% no evidenciaron alteraciones y en el 41% restante presentaron defectos focales tipo arqueado, escalón nasal y paracentrales en el grupo de severidad leve. En los resultados del OCT, los valores fueron en mayor proporción normales, mientras, que los resultados anormales fue incrementando el daño estructural del nervio al pasar de AOS leve y moderado a severo.
En conclusión, el estudio demostró relación entre los cambios estructurales del nervio óptico y la severidad de la AOS. Esto sugiriendo que la AOS puede influir en la anatomía del nervio óptico, favoreciendo al desarrollo de una neuropatía óptica y en cierto modo a la aparición de GPAA. Las alteraciones funcionales anormales en el campo visual indicaron que estadios leves del AOS pueden estar relacionados con mayores compromisos del campo visual. Asociado, las alteraciones estructurales anormales en la OCT fueron incrementando al pasar de AOS leve y moderado a severo, infiriendo asociación para el desarrollo de GPAA en paciente con AOS. Se recomienda la realización de futuros estudios clínicos para identificar la necesidad de realizar estudios y seguimientos a los pacientes con AOS para descartar glaucoma como una de sus múltiples manifestaciones sistémicas. | spa |
dc.description.tableofcontents | RESUMEN.................................................................................................................3
IDENTIFICACIÓN Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA................................................... 6
OBJETIVOS E HIPÓTESIS..........................................................................................10
a. General .............................................................................................10
b. Específicos.........................................................................................10
c. Hipótesis............................................................................................10
METODOLOGÍA........................................................................................................11
a. Tipo y diseño general del estudio ...........................................................11
b. Lugar....................................................................................................11
c. Población ............................................................................................11
d. Variables y Mediciones...........................................................................11
e. Muestra................................................................................................14
a. Selección de la muestra.................................................................... 14
b. Calculo del tamaño de la muestra ......................................................14
c. Criterios de selección de inclusión y exclusión ..................................14
d. Mediciones e instrumentos utilizados.................................................14
e . Plan de recolección de datos...............................................................15
PLAN DE ANÁLISIS................................................................................................. 18
a. Métodos y modelos de análisis de los datos según tipo de variables
b. Programas a utilizar para análisis de datos.
c. Control de sesgos
ASPECTOS ÉTICOS ................................................................................................18
RESULTADOS .........................................................................................................19
DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................ 23 CONCLUSIONES...................................................................................................... 26
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................................. 26 | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | applicaction/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject.mesh | OFTALMOLOGIA | spa |
dc.subject.mesh | GLAUCOMA | spa |
dc.subject.mesh | APNEA OBSTRUCTIVA DEL SUEÑO | spa |
dc.subject.mesh | PRESION DE LAS VIAS AEREAS POSITIVA CONTINUA | spa |
dc.title | Caracterización de la prevalencia, alteraciones estructurales y funcionales del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño en población colombiana en el Hospital Militar Central desde 2013 hasta 2018 | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | * |
dc.type.local | Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Especialización | spa |
dc.description.abstractenglish | This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that determines the prevalence, functional and structural alterations of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Patients between 2013 and 2018 with diagnosis of OSA by polysomnogram were chosen to determine the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and antecedents. Patients underwent an ophthalmological examination that included: visual acuity (VA), biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), indirect gonioscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Patients with diagnosis of glaucoma suspect underwent a visual field and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve.
It was studied 150 patients with a diagnosis of OSA, for a total of 300 eyes examined, of which 42.7% were women and 57.3% men, with a mean age of 66.8 (± 12.1). In the antecedents, 1.3% had a family history of glaucoma, 64.7% hypertension, and 20.7% diabetes mellitus. The AIH index was categorized as mild in 62%, moderate in 17.3% and severe in 20.7%. The prevalence of POAG was 1.3% (CI:0.69-1.3%), while for glaucoma suspect was 0.95% (CI:8.9-16.4%). VA was in the range of 20/20 to 20/60 in 94.6% of the cases, with a prevalence con legal blindness od 0.0% (CI: 0.00-0.14). The mean IOP obtained was 13 (± 2.6). In the evaluation of the optic nerve, no alterations were observed in 74.6% of cases, while the most frequent alterations were focal or diffuse thinning of the neural rim (16.6%), in the mild severity group, followed by disc asymmetry greater than 0.2 mm (8.6%), in the severe severity group. In the visual field, 54.4% did not show alterations and in the remaining 41% presented arcuate, nasal step and paracentral focal defects in the mild severity group. In the OCT results, the values were normal in a higher proportion without significant differences. In patients with abnormal results, the structural damage of the nerve increased from mild and moderate OSA to severe.
In conclusion, the study demonstrated a relationship between the structural changes of the optic nerve and the severity of OSA. This suggests that OSA can influence the anatomy of the optic nerve, favoring the development of optic neuropathy and, to a certain extent, the appearance of POAG. The abnormal functional alterations in the visual field indicated that mild stages of OSA may be related to greater visual field compromises. Associated, abnormal structural alterations in OCT increased from mild and moderate OSA to severe, inferring an association for the development of POAG in a patient with OSA. Future clinical studies are recommended to identify the need for studies and follow-ups of patients with OSA to rule out glaucoma as one of its multiple systemic manifestations. | spa |
dc.title.translated | Characterization of the prevalence, structural and functional alterations of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a Colombian population at the Central Military Hospital from 2013 to 2018 | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Glaucoma suspect | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Primary Open-Angle glaucoma | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Optic Coherence Tomography | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Visual Field | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Obstructive sleep apnea | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Oftalmología | spa |
dc.creator.degreename | Especialista en Oftalmología | spa |
dc.subject.decs | OFTALMOLOGIA | spa |
dc.subject.decs | Trastornos del sueño - Diagnóstico | spa |
dc.subject.decs | Apnea del Sueño | spa |
dc.subject.decs | Glaucoma | spa |
dc.subject.decs | Nervio óptico - Enfermedades | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Especialización | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Medicina | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | spa |
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dc.subject.proposal | Sospecha de Glaucoma | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Apena obstructiva del sueño | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Campo visual | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Tomografía óptica de coherencia | spa |
dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Militar Nueva Granada | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | * |
dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co | spa |
dc.rights.local | Acceso abierto | spa |
dc.coverage.sede | Medicina | spa |