La Memoria Histórica como Instrumento de Reparación Integral frente a las violaciones de DDHH e infracciones al DIH en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano
Historical Memory as an Instrument of Comprehensive Reparation against Human Rights violations and breaches of IHL in the context of the Colombian armed conflict
Citación
Date
2022-02-01Author
Blanco Ramírez, Juan Sebastián
Obtained degree
Abogado
Key words
; politica publica; conflicto armado - colombia; victimas de guerra
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Abstract
La violencia producto del conflicto armado colombiano, ha costado la vida de miles de
ciudadanos afectando su núcleo familiar directamente, adicionalmente ha dejado millones de víctimas que
sin importar el modo han sido objeto de violaciones de los DDHH, así como de infracciones al Derecho
Internacional Humanitario (DIH). Razón por la cual, el presente ensayo tiene como objetivo
contextualizar la importancia y la necesidad de una política pública de archivo documental, eficiente
frente a las diversas formas en las que los derechos inalienables, inherentes e interdependientes de los
ciudadanos flagelados que contribuya con el deber que tiene el Estado de Memoria Histórica.
Para alcanzar las metas propuestas, en este escrito será necesario estructurar un ensayo de tipo
crítico, en el que el autor expone sus puntos de vista frente a determinadas situaciones. Para ilustrar
mejor, se analiza la responsabilidad del estado colombiano por las graves violaciones a los DDHH y las
infracciones que hubiese cometido contra el DIH, y cómo la doctrina además de la amplia jurisprudencia
bien sea nacional o internacional coinciden en el establecimiento de una Memoria Histórica como parte
de la reparación integral, que deben retribuir los Estados (no solo el colombiano) cuando sean condenados
bien sea por acción, omisión o vías de hecho de los agentes estatales.
De este modo, quedará establecido un punto de vista a partir de los hechos, condenas y
repercusiones en el estado colombiano acerca de cómo la política pública de archivo documental
contribuye con la no repetición de actos tan atroces, además de hacer parte de la reparación integral el
acceso público del material documental que ha sido registrado a lo largo de los años procurando la no
repetición y marcando el camino duradero de una convivencia pacífica.
The implementation of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the State adopted a series
of obligations regarding Human Rights and IHR, adopting and ratifying through the
Constitutionality Block and the Conventionality Block those treaties that determine the Rights of
an inalienable, inherent and interdependent of citizens and the rules of International
Humanitarian Law (IHR) that regulate all actions in the framework of the armed conflict,
whether international or non-international.
The seventeenth booklet of the jurisprudence of the IACHR brings together the main
jurisprudential lines (worth the redundancy), with great relevance and interest at the regional
level (American Court of Human Rights, 2021), this title will provide valuable recapitulations in
which the Colombian State has been immersed in the Court where the country has a special
section due to the constant violations of human rights and in addition to the infractions of IHL in
the non-international armed conflict that plagued the nation for more than 50 years and is now
experiencing a transition to peace in the one that seeks to construct a historical truth that does not
allow such unfortunate events to be repeated and that necessarily includes historical memory, a
fundamental component of comprehensive reparation.
Through the study and analysis of the basic jurisprudence of the Council of State (THIRD, 2019),
it is possible to highlight the origins and antecedents of events in which the Colombian State has been
convicted, either for human rights violations or for human rights violations. breaches of IHR in the
context of the non-international armed conflict; From the wide variety of jurisprudential that exists for
consultation, a common pattern is marked concerning integral reparation and its essential elements for
said moral reparation to be effective, which includes the documentary compilation integrated into a public
policy of documentary archive that will be available of the citizenship so that in a free, spontaneous and
accessible way all those interested in knowing how the events occurred and their respective consequences
can do so without major complications. However, it is worth questioning the effectiveness with which this
public policy has been implemented and its scope in contributing to the construction of historical memory
and the social repercussions that guarantee non-repetition and the moral compensation of those who have
been involved, this without mentioning how the victims have been repaired, but this conversation is not
the subject of this essay, despite this in the future it would be interesting to raise the discussion.
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